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White population in south korea- South Korea Demographics (Population, Age, Sex, Trends) - Worldometer
- White population in south korea
Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea , while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of Other major cities include Incheon , Busan , and Daegu. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE.
Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty — and the Joseon dynasty — The succeeding Korean Empire — was annexed in into the Empire of Japan. Japanese rule ended following the former's surrender in World War II , after which Korea was divided into two zones ; a northern zone occupied by the Soviet Union and a southern zone occupied by the United States.
After negotiations on reunification failed, the latter became the Republic of Korea in August while the former became the socialist Democratic People's Republic of Korea the following month.
In , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War , which saw extensive American -led United Nations intervention in support of the South, while China intervened to support the North , with Soviet assistance.
After the war's end in , the country entered into a military alliance with the U. Despite lacking natural resources, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the Four Asian Tigers based on international trade and economic globalization , integrating itself within the world economy with export-oriented industrialization ; currently being one of the largest exporting nations in the world, along with having one of the largest foreign-exchange reserves in the world.
South Korea has the third-highest life expectancy in the world. In recent years, the country has been facing an aging population and the lowest fertility rate in the world. Its economy ranks as the world's twelfth-largest by nominal GDP. Its citizens enjoy one of the world's fastest Internet connection speeds and the densest high-speed railway network. The country is the world's ninth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer. Its armed forces is ranked as one of the world's strongest militaries and is the world's second-largest standing army by military and paramilitary personnel.
Since the 21st century, South Korea has been renowned for its globally influential pop culture, particularly in music K-pop , TV dramas K-dramas and cinema , a phenomenon referred to as the Korean wave. The name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo , which was considered a great power of East Asia during its time, in the 5th century as a shortened form of its name.
The kingdom of Goryeo became first known to Westerners when Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca in and described the peoples who traded with this part of the world known by the Portuguese as the Gores. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in , Joseon became the official name for the entire territory, though it was not universally accepted. The new official name has its origin in the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon BCE. Under Japanese rule , the two names Han and Joseon coexisted. However, it is not a direct translation of the Korean name.
Since the government only controlled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula , the informal term "South Korea" was coined, becoming increasingly common in the Western world. Gija Joseon was purportedly founded in the 12th century BCE, but its existence and role have been controversial in the modern era.
Three of the commanderies fell or retreated westward within a few decades. As Lelang commandery was destroyed and rebuilt around this time, the place gradually moved toward Liaodong. Thus, its force was diminished and it only served as a trade center until it was conquered by Goguryeo in Goguryeo, the largest and most powerful among them, was a highly militaristic state, [40] [41] and competed with various Chinese dynasties during its years of history. Goguryeo experienced a golden age under Gwanggaeto the Great and his son Jangsu , [42] [43] [44] [45] who both subdued Baekje and Silla during their times, achieving a brief unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea and becoming the most dominant power on the Korean Peninsula.
Balhae was founded by a Goguryeo general and formed as a successor state to Goguryeo. Relationships between Korea and China remained relatively peaceful during this time. Later Silla carried on the maritime prowess of Baekje , which acted like the Phoenicia of medieval East Asia , [62] and during the 8th and 9th centuries dominated the seas of East Asia and the trade between China, Korea and Japan, most notably during the time of Jang Bogo ; in addition, Silla people made overseas communities in China on the Shandong Peninsula and the mouth of the Yangtze River.
In , the Later Three Kingdoms were united by Wang Geon , a descendant of Goguryeo nobility, [80] who established Goryeo as the successor state of Goguryeo. Goryeo was never conquered by the Mongols, but exhausted after three decades of fighting, the Korean court sent its crown prince to the Yuan capital to swear allegiance to Kublai Khan , who accepted, and married one of his daughters to the Korean crown prince. During this period, the two nations became intertwined as all subsequent Korean kings married Mongol princesses, [88] and the last empress of the Yuan dynasty was a Korean princess.
In the midth century, Goryeo drove out the Mongols to regain its northern territories, briefly conquered Liaoyang , and defeated invasions by the Red Turbans.
However, in , General Yi Seong-gye , who had been ordered to attack China, turned his army around and staged a coup.
Yi Seong-gye declared the new name of Korea as "Joseon" in reference to Gojoseon, and moved the capital to Hanseong one of the old names of Seoul. Between and , Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched invasions of Korea , but his advance was halted by Korean forces most notably the Joseon Navy led by Admiral Yi Sun-sin and his renowned " turtle ship " with assistance from Righteous Army militias formed by Korean civilians, and Ming dynasty Chinese troops. However, the Manchus took advantage of Joseon's war-weakened state and invaded in and , and then went on to conquer the destabilized Ming dynasty.
After normalizing relations with the new Qing dynasty , Joseon experienced a nearly year period of peace. Kings Yeongjo and Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty during the 18th century.
Furthermore, the Joseon government adopted a strict isolationist policy, earning the nickname "the hermit kingdom ", but ultimately failed to protect itself against imperialism and was forced to open its borders.
What followed was a period of forced assimilation, in which Korean language, culture, and history were suppressed.
Dean Rusk and Charles H. To the surprise of Rusk and Bonesteel, the Soviets accepted their proposal and agreed to divide Korea.
Despite the initial plan of a unified Korea in the Cairo Declaration , escalating Cold War antagonism between the Soviet Union and the United States eventually led to the establishment of separate governments, each with its own ideology, leading to the division of Korea into two political entities in North Korea and South Korea.
In the South, Syngman Rhee , an opponent of communism, who had been backed and appointed by the United States as head of the provisional government, won the first presidential elections of the newly declared Republic of Korea in May.
In the North, however, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, Kim Il-sung , was appointed premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in September. The UN declared Rhee's government as "a lawful government having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the UN Temporary Commission on Korea was able to observe and consult" and the Government "based on elections which was observed by the Temporary Commission" in addition to a statement that "this is the only such government in Korea.
This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides facing defeat with massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate.
During the war, Rhee's party promoted the One-People Principle based on the German ideology of the Herrenvolk an effort to build an obedient citizenry through ethnic homogeneity and authoritarian appeals to nationalism. The armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the demilitarized zone near the original demarcation line.
No peace treaty was ever signed, resulting in the two countries remaining technically at war. Approximately 3 million people died in the Korean War, with a higher proportional civilian death toll than World War II or the Vietnam War , making it one of the deadliest conflicts of the Cold War era.
In , a student uprising the "April 19 Revolution" led to the resignation of the autocratic then-President Syngman Rhee. This was followed by 13 months of political instability as South Korea was led by a weak and ineffectual government.
This instability was broken by the 16 May , coup led by General Park Chung-hee. As president, Park oversaw a period of rapid export-led economic growth enforced by political repression. Park was heavily criticized as a ruthless military dictator, who in extended his rule by creating a new constitution , which gave the president sweeping almost dictatorial powers and permitted him to run for an unlimited number of six-year terms. The Korean economy developed significantly during Park's tenure.
The government developed the nationwide expressway system , the Seoul subway system , and laid the foundation for economic development during his year tenure, which ended with his assassination in The years after Park's assassination were marked again by political turmoil, as the previously suppressed opposition leaders all campaigned to run for president in the sudden political void.
On 17 May, Chun Doo-hwan forced the Cabinet to expand martial law to the whole nation, which had previously not applied to the island of Jejudo. The expanded martial law closed universities, banned political activities, and further curtailed the press.
Chun's assumption of the presidency through the events of 17 May triggered nationwide protests demanding democracy; these protests were particularly focused in the city of Gwangju , to which Chun sent special forces to violently suppress the Gwangju Democratization Movement. Chun subsequently created the National Defense Emergency Policy Committee and took the presidency according to his political plan.
Chun and his government held South Korea under a despotic rule until , when a Seoul National University student, Park Jong-chul , was tortured to death. Roh went on to win the election by a narrow margin against the two main opposition leaders, Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam. Seoul hosted the Olympic Games in , widely regarded as successful and a significant boost for South Korea's global image and economy. South Korea was formally invited to become a member of the United Nations in The transition of Korea from autocracy to modern democracy was marked in by the election of Kim Dae-jung, who was sworn in as the eighth president of South Korea, on 25 February His election was significant given that he had in earlier years been a political prisoner sentenced to death later commuted to exile.
He won against the backdrop of the Asian Financial Crisis , where he took IMF advice to restructure the economy and the nation soon recovered its economic growth, albeit at a slower pace.
Later that year, Kim received the Nobel Peace Prize "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular". However, South Korean and Japanese relations later soured because of conflicting claims of sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks. In , there was an escalation in attacks by North Korea. In November Yeonpyeong island was attacked by a significant North Korean artillery barrage, with 4 people dying.
The lack of a strong response to these attacks from both South Korea and the international community the official UN report declined to explicitly name North Korea as the perpetrator for the Cheonan sinking caused significant anger with the South Korean public.
South Korea saw another milestone in with the first ever female president Park Geun-hye elected and assuming office. Daughter of another former president, Park Chung-hee , she carried on a conservative brand of politics. President Park Geun-hye's administration was formally accused of corruption, bribery, and influence-peddling for the involvement of close friend Choi Soon-sil in state affairs.
There followed a series of massive public demonstrations from November [] and she was removed from office. His tenure saw an improving political relationship with North Korea, some increasing divergence in the military alliance with the United States, and the successful hosting of the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.
That same year, South Korea recorded more deaths than births, resulting in a population decline for the first time on record. In March , Yoon Suk-yeol , the candidate of conservative opposition People Power Party , won a close election over Democratic Party candidate by the narrowest margin ever. South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula , which extends some 1, km mi from the Asian mainland.
This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its total area is , square kilometers 38, South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains ; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins , and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the Nakdong River.
South Korea's terrain is mostly mountainous, most of which is not arable. About three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea. Jeju-do is about kilometers 62 miles off the southern coast of South Korea.
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